Bacteria and Food Poisoning

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that around 80 million people a year in the U.S. alone contract food poisoning or other foodborne diseases. Foodborne illness is caused by eating or drinking food that contains disease causing agents. The most common causes of foodborne diseases are bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Foods containing toxic chemicals can cause foodborne diseases as well. Typically, our immune system fights off germs to prevent illness. However, some bacteria and viruses have developed ways of avoiding immune system defenses and causing sickness. These germs release proteins that help them avoid detection by white blood cells. In addition, antibiotic-resistant bacteria have become increasingly prevalent and a worldwide public health issue. Strains of resistant E. coli and MRSA have become increasingly proficient at causing infection and avoiding immune defenses. These germs can survive on everyday objects and cause disease. There are over two hundred types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can cause foodborne diseases. Reactions to these germs can range from mild gastric and digestive system discomfort to death. The easiest way to prevent foodborne illness is to properly handle and cook foods. This includes washing and drying your hands, washing utensils carefully, replacing kitchen sponges often, and cooking meat thoroughly. Below is a list of a few bacteria that cause foodborne diseases, along with the foods that are associated with them, as well as symptoms that are likely to develop from ingesting the contaminated foods. Bacteria That Cause Foodborne Illness Microbe - Aeromonas hydrophilaAffiliated Foods - Fish, Shellfish, Beef, Pork, Lamb, and PoultryDiseases - Gastroenteritis, SepticemiaSymptoms - Diarrhea, Blood and Mucus in Stool    Microbe - Bacillus cereu Affiliated Foods - Meats, Milk, Rice, Potato, and Cheese ProductsDiseases - B. cereus Food PoisoningSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Cramps, Nausea    Microbe - Campylobacter jejuni Affiliated Foods - Raw Chicken, Unpasteurized Milk, Non-chlorinated WaterDiseases - B. cereus CampylobacteriosisSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Cramps, Nausea and Fever, Headache and Muscle Pain    Microbe - Clostridium botulinum Affiliated Foods - Canned Foods Including: Vegetables, Meats, and SoupsDiseases - Foodborne BotulismSymptoms - Weakness, Double Vision and Vertigo, Difficulty in Speaking, Swallowing, and Breathing, Constipation    Microbe - Clostridium perfringens Affiliated Foods - Non-refrigerated Prepared Foods: Meats and Meat Products, GravyDiseases - Perfringens Food PoisoningSymptoms - Severe Abdominal Cramps, Diarrhea    Microbe - Escherichia coli O157:H7Affiliated Foods - Undercooked Meats, Raw Ground BeefDiseases - Hemorrhagic colitisSymptoms - Severe Abdominal Pain, Watery and Bloody Diarrhea, Vomiting    Microbe - Listeria monocytogenes Affiliated Foods - Dairy Products, Raw Vegetables, Raw Meats, Smoked FishDiseases - ListeriosisSymptoms - Flu-like Symptoms, Persistent Fever, Nausea and Vomiting, Diarrhea    Microbe - Salmonella spp. Affiliated Foods - Poultry and Eggs, Milk and Dairy Products, Raw Meats, Fish, Shrimp, Peanut ButterDiseases - SalmonellosisSymptoms - Nausea, Vomiting, Abdominal Pain, Fever, Headache, Diarrhea    Microbe - Shigella spp Affiliated Foods - Poultry, Milk and Dairy Products, Raw Vegetables, Fecally contaminated water, Salads: Potato, Chicken, Tuna, ShrimpDiseases - ShigellosisSymptoms - Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Fever, Vomiting, Blood or Mucus in Stool    Microbe - Staphylococcus aureus Affiliated Foods - Poultry and Egg Products, Meat Products, Dairy ProductsDiseases - Staphyloenterotoxicosis, StaphyloenterotoxemiaSymptoms - Abdominal Cramping, Nausea and Vomiting, Prostration    Microbe - Vibrio cholerae Affiliated Foods - Contaminated Water, ShellfishDiseases - CholeraSymptoms - Watery Diarrhea, Abdominal Pain, Dehydration, Vomiting, Shock For additional information on bacteria, food poisoning, and foodborne diseases, take a look at the Bad Bug Book. Again, the single most important thing you can do to prevent foodborne illness is to keep your environment clean when preparing food. This includes washing your hands with soap and water and sanitizing utensils and counter tops. In addition, it is vital that you cook meats thoroughly to ensure that germs are killed.

The Death Of The Pregnancy Test Essay - 1080 Words

Many women find themselves in situations that leave them with an unwanted pregnancy and abort their baby. The cause of abortion could simply be a birth control failure, from rape or incest, inability to take care of the child, or in most cases, pressure from others. Whatever the case may be, these women have chosen to get rid of their child, without thinking of the consequences after it is done. After a mother chooses to abort her baby, she will be greatly affected psychologically and could possibly change her and her future family’s life forever. Before the procedure is done, the mother of the child is positive about her decision, unaware of the mental experiences she will be going through. Nonetheless, after the operation is done, the mother will experience personal shame that could result in repressed grief, causing serious problems. The anxiety over the unwanted pregnancy; the drama of the pregnancy test; often, the difficulty of making the decision, then the waiting before the abortion can take place; perhaps protesters in front of the clinic; the abortion clinic waiting room, crowded perhaps with other emotional women and men; the abortion itself—the doctors and nurses, the stirrups, the vacuum or other machinery—then the recovery room; the pain and bleeding afterward. All these dramatic experiences are likely to provide her with indelible memories. A woman may return to them and relive them over and over. (Vitz 1) In other words, the mother of the child could developShow MoreRelatedEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 PagesComputing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic, whereRead MoreThe Effects Of Pregnancy On Women On Illegal Drugs And Women Who Smoke Cigarettes860 Words   |  4 PagesOutcomes of Pregnancy in Women Using Illegal Drugs and in Women Who Smoke Cigarettes was written by the authors; Mairead Black, Sohinne Bhattacharya, Tara Farley, Dorris M. Campbell, and Ashalatha Shetty. The authors objective of this informative journal is the present the obstetric similarities with women who used illegal drugs and those who smoked cigarettes during pregnancy. The authors present information that conforms not only the risk of drug and cigarettes usage during pregnancy but increasedRead MoreAmerica s Child Poverty Levels889 Words   |  4 Pages2020. Recommending the following to have a healthy pregnancy such as having a healthy weight, not to use illegal drugs, getting vacc inated, taking prenatal and or during pregnancy vitamins, managing any chronic conditions prior of having a baby, having recommended screening test and controlling diabetes. Birth defects, also known as congenital anomalies, is the second leading cause of death for infant accounted for 20.9 percent of all infant deaths in U.S in 2011 (U.S. Dept, 2016). A birth defectRead MoreEthics Of Computing And The Internet1173 Words   |  5 PagesComputing and the Internet Jorge Zacarias Written Assignment Unit 7 University of the People Inside the topic of health care system ethic is implicit the pregnancy dilemma. This wide topic can include hundreds of pages; herein we are going to cover principal’s data of this essential topic in today’s lives. Pregnancy includes a debate for more than 4 decades and some topics that affect not only mothers even child, there are many dilemmas surrounding this controversial topic, whereRead MoreThe Importance Of Prenatal Care843 Words   |  4 PagesThe Importance of Prenatal Care Pregnancy can either be the most wonderful time in a woman’s life or the scariest and quite often it is both at the same time. One of the first things that most women do when they become pregnant or even before they become pregnant is focus on their prenatal care. This time in the womb is very important in a baby’s development and taking care of the body is something that is extremely beneficial to the wellbeing of a newborn. Prenatal care is probably one of the mostRead MoreThe Importance Of A Certified Nurse Midwife And An Obstetrician1424 Words   |  6 Pagesand would love to work with the miracle of life, also known as pregnancy and birth. This is why I am looking at Obstetrics. 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Read to below to learnRead MoreMy Body, My Choice1509 Words   |  7 PagesMy Body, My Choice Abortion, the controversial issue that has been in American society for years, the process of removing a fertilized egg from the mother’s uterus in order to terminate a pregnancy. Such a topic has caused the whole world to stop and focus on the rights to an abortion, when should it be allowed, why should it be allowed, and should it be allowed? Currently many states in the US have their own laws for abortion, legal, illegal, and legal under critical circumstances. As a woman,Read MoreEssay about The Moral Status of the Fetus1121 Words   |  5 Pagesbeing, that the fetuss moral status does determine the just or unjust of the abortion, no matter what the situation may be. â€Å"Pro-choicers† believe that there are situations in which abortions are the solution. Scenarios where an unwanted pregnancy happened due to rape is one of them. The idea that rape victims want to abort children conceived in these horrible circumstances is a common myth in the abortion controversy. 2 In fact, rape victims believe abortion would beRead MoreA Study On Sudden Infant Death Syndrome1664 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitution of Denmark invited parents of sudden infant death syndromes (SIDS) to take part in the study. Sudden infant death syndrome is the sudden, unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently healthy baby. There were several aims behind the study. The main aim of the study was to overlook whether smoking was a cause of risk for sudden infant death syndrome and whether the consequence is owed to maternal smoking during the pregnancy or to inhaling smoke from other people’s cigarettes also

Ageing Population â€Any Resolutions Free Essays

Ageing population –any resolutions? According to the World Health Organization , a country or a city is defined as an ageing society if the number of elders who aged 65 or above exceed 7% of the whole population. With 14% of elders in population, the country would be considered as an aged society. Worse still, if the amount of elders still keep on increasing and reach 20% of the population, the country would be classified as an hyper-aged society. We will write a custom essay sample on Ageing Population –Any Resolutions? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recently, the ageing population has been under the spotlight all over the world. This worldwide issue has aroused public concern and surely Hong Kong is not an exception. According to the Hong Kong Population Projections published in July, 2012, there are in total 13% of elders who aged 65 or over in our population, which means that Hong Kong is going to transform into an aged society. What’s more, it is predicted that we would turn into hyper-aged society in 2026, with 23% of elderly people in population. Such shocking data actually did a good warning effect , which successfully remind government to take long term measures at once to tackle the problem. Or not, ageing population would lower Hong Kong’s labour force, which would then affect Hong Kong’s productivity and hence our competitiveness in the world market. Furthermore, the ageing population would also burden the health care system. To solve the problems, people from all walks of life have raised different suggestions. It is proposed to import talents from other parts of the world, and implement effective policies to convince children born here to non-local parents and their families to stay here in order to alleviate the shortage of labour force. On the other hand, the tension in existing health care system can be eased by several programmes held by the hospital authority, like the psychological support programme , which can help strengthen staff morale and address their work stress. As the above mentioned, one of the severe problems provoked by ageing population is the shortage of larbour force. According to the Summary Results of the 2011 Population Census published in February,2012, the labour force participation rate has dropped from 61. 4% in 2001 to 59. 7% in 2011. In addition, with reference to the Hong Kong Population Projections , the overall dependency ratio is predicted to rise from 352 to 712 ,which is over a double increase. Besides, it is also estimated that every three persons in the workforce will need to support one elder by 2029. Therefore, we can see that ageing population not only lower our larbour force, and hence Hong Kong’s productivity and competitiveness in international market , but it would also put more burden to the workforce, which bring great challenges to Hong Kong economy. To increase the supply of labour force in near future, it is believed there are few ways to do so. Firstly, we can introduce more talent admission schemes and seriously investigate both push and pull factors affecting talents to stay or to leave Hong Kong. For instance, the government are now expanding the international school system. There would be in total 5000 additional international school places in the coming four years. Furthermore, the government is planning to invite the international schools to express interest in expanding their school by using several vacant school premises. These actions definitely help import talents from other countries, but the government should note that it should not be a short term measure. The government should keep improving the education in international school and try best to assist international school to have more resources so that more school places are available for the talents and talents would stay here for better education. Or not, the students from outside Hong Kong may choose to study in other countries with better education, other than Hong Kong. Yet, there are some critics believes that it is totally not enough to solve the population problem by only those talent admission schemes. Therefore the babies born in Hong Kong to non-local parents have been seen as a simple way to alleviate the problem. But whether those babies and their families would stay here or not later on, it mainly depends on the government efforts to implement policies for that purpose and see whether the city can promise them a stable and good enough future. Compared to the talent admission schemes, it is a more effective means to meet the uprising demand of manpower as the number of mainland families who stay here is greater than those talents. This can be proved by the results of our 2011 Population Census . According to the Hong Kong Population Projections, about 77% of the Mainland women whose husband is a Hong Kong Permanent Resident, would bring their children back to Hong Kong later. And about 53% for those Mainland women whose husband is not a Hong Kong Permanent Resident would also later bring their children back to Hong Kong. Other than the shortage of labour force, the ageing population would also burden the health care system. More elderly people would definitely increase the demand of medical services and it would ncrease the work stress of frontline staff in hospital and the financial burden to the government. To strengthen the staff morale and ease their work stress, it is suggested the Hospital Authority can hold more relaxing measures , for instance, improving the working conditions, recruiting more full-time and part-time staff and preventing excessive overnight duties. All these are useful ways to reduce f rontline workload, and it is believed it can help lower the staff turnover number, and hence help prevent the manpower shortage in public hospitals. Just like the psychological support programme which help staff deal with work stress has lower the overall turnover rate of physicians in public hospitals from 5. 2 % in 2010/11 to 4. 8% in 2011/12. And the overall turnover rate has further decreased to 4. 4 % in the first 4 months of 2012/13. All in all, it is the responsibility of the government to stop our aging situation from being worse. The government should plan detailed and long term policies to solve the aging situation. Or not, Hong Kong will be suffered badly with economic and social problems in the near future. Word count: 1035 words) REFERENCES Peng,P. (2012, February 24). The problem is not ‘non-local’ women but intermediaries. Retrieved from http://www. cdeclips. com/en/hongkong/The_problem_is_not_’non-local’_women_but_intermediaries/fullstory_72200. html Demographic Statistics Section, Census and Statistics Department. (2012,July). Hong Kong Population Projections. Retrieved from http://www. statistics. gov. hk/pub/B1120015052012XXXXB0100. pdf Pang,F. C. (2012, October 12). Letter to the Editor . Retrieved from http://www. ha. org. k/haho/ho/pad/121016chi1. pdf Li, A. (2006,August 12). Coping with old age. Retrieved from http://www. scmp. com/article/559945/coping-old-age Census and Statistics Department. (2012, February 21). Summary Results of the 2011 Population Census. Retrieved from http://www. censtatd. gov. hk/FileManager/EN/Content_1214/presentation_summary_results. pdf HKSAR. (2012, May 30). Government releases Steering Committee on Population Policy Progress Report 2012. Retrieved from http://www. info. gov. hk/gia/general/201205/30/P201205300456. htm How to cite Ageing Population –Any Resolutions?, Essay examples

English for Law and Human Behavior- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theEnglish for Law and Human Behavior. Answer: Should Juveniles be tried as Adults? (Source: Common dreams, 2017). Introduction Life is very precious and we live it for once, what we do with it depends on our own decision. It is very shameful that many individuals at their young age involve in criminal activities and become juvenile criminals. It is analyzed that every action has many consequences and to handle the issues we have a juvenile justice department. It is considered as a network of agencies that handle the issues of juveniles. These agencies take into consideration police, court, detention, prosecutor and also the Department of Juvenile Corrections. When the youngsters commit more crimes, then they are sent to adult court.(Salekin, Grimes and Adams, 2015). There are many penalties that are imposed and also sentences up to life in the prison for a long time. Is it correct? Do these youngsters have the capability to understand the crimes they are doing? Is there any age limit that should be considered for introducing these youngsters into the adult justice system? These questions make people wonder that is it effective or is there any better way to handle the young criminals in a proper manner. By considering the recent scenario, it is seen that the crime rate is increasing and also there are many evidence related to it. It is seen that the majority of youngsters are engaged in the crimes. It is believed that majority of the young children belongs to a background that have a high rate of learning disabilities (Decker and Marteache, 2017). It is also argued by many people that in many states the court does not evaluate that if a minor is competent to proceed in criminal court or he or she has a mental disorder. Not all the courts consider the same procedures, but some follow proper criteria to transfer a juvenile to the criminal court (Bechtold and Cauffman, 2014). I believed that the society play a significant role in child development. If the children are raised in an environment where they experience a violent behavior, then they are supposed to do the same. Many youngsters are controlled by the companies that conduct unlawful practices and promise them to remove poverty. The main focus should be given to those who are younger than eighteen. They should be punished with the people of the same age group (Monahan, Steinberg and Piquero, 2015). Conclusion It is also evaluated that many people believes that if the youngsters are able to do a crime like murder, then they must be treated as an adult and not as a child. In the agreement with Thompson, there are many juveniles that run with their gangs or commit murders but instead of punishing these youngsters with adults why these people are given jobs to clean up the streets from drug dealers and gang violence. No person is born criminal, but the humans adapt their surroundings and also get influenced by the activities. So, the juveniles should be not be sent to an adult court. References Bechtold, J. and Cauffman, E., 2014. Tried as an adult, housed as a juvenile: A tale of youth from two courts incarcerated together.Law and human behavior,38(2), p.126. Decker, S.H. and Marteache, N. eds., 2017.International handbook of juvenile justice. Springer International Pu. Monahan, K., Steinberg, L. and Piquero, A.R., 2015. Juvenile justice policy and practice: A developmental perspective.Crime and justice,44(1), pp.577-619. Salekin, R.T., Grimes, R.D. and Adams, E.W., 2015. 13 Clinical Forensic Evaluations for Juvenile Transfer to Adult Criminal Court.Learning Forensic Assessment: Research and Practice, p.294.